Source-driven Representations for Hate Speech Detection

Sources, in the form of selected Facebook pages, can be used as indicators of hate-rich content. Polarized distributed representations created over such content prove superior to generic embeddings in the task of hate speech detection. The same content seems to carry a too weak signal to proxy silver labels in a distant supervised setting. However, this signal is stronger than gold labels which come from a different distribution, leading to re-think the process of annotation in the context of highly subjective judgments.La provenienza di ciò che viene condiviso su Facebook costituisce un primo elemento indentificativo di contentuti carichi di odio. La rappresentazione distribuita polarizzata che costruiamo su tali contenuti si dimostra migliore nell’individuazione di argomenti di odio rispetto ad alternative più generiche. Il potere predittivo di tali embedding polarizzati risulta anche più incisivo rispetto a quello di dati gold standard che sono caratterizzati da una distribuzione ed una annotatione diverse

Source-driven Representations for Hate Speech Detection

Sources, in the form of selected Facebook pages, can be used as indicators of hate-rich content. Polarized distributed representations created over such content prove superior to generic embeddings in the task of hate speech detection. The same content seems to carry a too weak signal to proxy silver labels in a distant supervised setting. However, this signal is stronger than gold labels which come from a different distribution, leading to re-think the process of annotation in the context of highly subjective judgments.La provenienza di ciò che viene condiviso su Facebook costituisce un primo elemento indentificativo di contentuti carichi di odio. La rappresentazione distribuita polarizzata che costruiamo su tali contenuti si dimostra migliore nell’individuazione di argomenti di odio rispetto ad alternative più generiche. Il potere predittivo di tali embedding polarizzati risulta anche più incisivo rispetto a quello di dati gold standard che sono caratterizzati da una distribuzione ed una annotatione diverse

Postoperative pain management in non-traumatic emergency general surgery : WSES-GAIS-SIAARTI-AAST guidelines

Background Non-traumatic emergency general surgery involves a heterogeneous population that may present with several underlying diseases. Timeous emergency surgical treatment should be supplemented with high-quality perioperative care, ideally performed by multidisciplinary teams trained to identify and handle complex postoperative courses. Uncontrolled or poorly controlled acute postoperative pain may result in significant complications. While pain management after elective surgery has been standardized in perioperative pathways, the traditional perioperative treatment of patients undergoing emergency surgery is often a haphazard practice. The present recommended pain management guidelines are for pain management after non-traumatic emergency surgical intervention. It is meant to provide clinicians a list of indications to prescribe the optimal analgesics even in the absence of a multidisciplinary pain team. Material and methods An international expert panel discussed the different issues in subsequent rounds. Four international recognized scientific societies: World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES), Global Alliance for Infection in Surgery (GAIS), Italian Society of Anesthesia, Analgesia Intensive Care (SIAARTI), and American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST), endorsed the project and approved the final manuscript. Conclusion Dealing with acute postoperative pain in the emergency abdominal surgery setting is complex, requires special attention, and should be multidisciplinary. Several tools are available, and their combination is mandatory whenever is possible. Analgesic approach to the various situations and conditions should be patient based and tailored according to procedure, pathology, age, response, and available expertise. A better understanding of the patho-mechanisms of postoperative pain for short- and long-term outcomes is necessary to improve prophylactic and treatment strategies.Peer reviewe

Postoperative pain management in non-traumatic emergency general surgery: WSES-GAIS-SIAARTI-AAST guidelines

Background Non-traumatic emergency general surgery involves a heterogeneous population that may present with several underlying diseases. Timeous emergency surgical treatment should be supplemented with high-quality perioperative care, ideally performed by multidisciplinary teams trained to identify and handle complex postoperative courses. Uncontrolled or poorly controlled acute postoperative pain may result in significant complications. While pain management after elective surgery has been standardized in perioperative pathways, the traditional perioperative treatment of patients undergoing emergency surgery is often a haphazard practice. The present recommended pain management guidelines are for pain management after non-traumatic emergency surgical intervention. It is meant to provide clinicians a list of indications to prescribe the optimal analgesics even in the absence of a multidisciplinary pain team. Material and methods An international expert panel discussed the different issues in subsequent rounds. Four international recognized scientific societies: World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES), Global Alliance for Infection in Surgery (GAIS), Italian Society of Anesthesia, Analgesia Intensive Care (SIAARTI), and American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST), endorsed the project and approved the final manuscript. Conclusion Dealing with acute postoperative pain in the emergency abdominal surgery setting is complex, requires special attention, and should be multidisciplinary. Several tools are available, and their combination is mandatory whenever is possible. Analgesic approach to the various situations and conditions should be patient based and tailored according to procedure, pathology, age, response, and available expertise. A better understanding of the patho-mechanisms of postoperative pain for short- and long-term outcomes is necessary to improve prophylactic and treatment strategies